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KMID : 1011820210620040399
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Investigative and Clinical Urology
2021 Volume.62 No. 4 p.399 ~ p.407
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Expression of phosphorylated p21-activated kinase 4 is associated with aggressive histologic characteristics and poor prognosis in patients with surgically treated renal cell carcinoma
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Kang Ho-Won
Piao Xuan-Mei
Lee Hee-Youn
Kim Kyeong
Seo Sung-Pil
Ha Yun-Sok
Kim Yeong-Uk
Kim Won-Tae
Kim Yong-June
Lee Sang-Cheol
Kim Wun-Jae
Shin Eun-Young
Kim Eung-Gook
Yun Seok-Joong
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Abstract
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Purpose: P21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a serine/threonine kinase that regulates a number of fundamental cellular processes, has been suggested as a prognostic factor for various human tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical implications of phospho-Ser474 PAK4 (pPAK4S474), an activated form of PAK4, in surgically treated renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Materials and Methods: Samples from 131 patients with surgically treated RCC were immunostained to detect PAK4 and pPAK4S474. Expression of PAK4 and pPAK4S474 was compared with clinicopathological characteristics and survival after nephrectomy.
Results: PAK4 and pPAK4S474 were expressed predominantly in the nucleus. Overall, 57.3% (75/131) and 24.4% (29/119) of specimens exhibited high expression of pPAK4S474 and PAK4, respectively. High expression of pPAK4S474 was associated with adverse pathologic characteristics, including advanced tumor stage and grade (p=0.036 and p=0.002, respectively), whereas this association was not significant for PAK4 expression (each p>0.05). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that high expression of pPAK4S474 was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival in a subgroup with localized RCC and with cancer-specific survival in the total RCC cohort (log-rank test: p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively), whereas PAK4 expression was not. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that high pPAK4S474 expression was an independent predictor of recurrence in the subgroup with localized RCC.
Conclusions: pPAK4S474 may be a more accurate prognostic factor than total PAK4 in RCC patients. This marker would be useful for identifying patients with pathologically localized disease who may require further interventions.
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KEYWORD
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P21-activated kinase 4, Recurrence, Renal cell carcinoma, Survival
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